How to type an extension number on a landline phone. Let's tell about how to dial an extension number from the mobile. What should your mobile contract suggest

Dialing the phone number of a large enterprise, most often have to deal with the need for a set extension numberto contact necessary person or department. These rooms allow the firm to organize the coordinated work of employees. However, many are faced with difficulties related to how to properly type an extension number.

Instruction

Explore the phone number of the company. If it consists of two parts, then the first will be responsible for the main number of the firm, and the second, which, as a rule, is taken into the brackets, for the addition. It is he who will allow you to connect to the desired department. Dial the main number of the organization on the phone and call. You will be answered answering machine.

It is necessary to listen to its fully greeting, otherwise a failure may occur and you will have to recruit the number. At the end of the message, you will hear the listing of the main addition numbers and the proposal to dial the desired after the characteristic signal.

Check that your landline phone is in the tone mode of operation. This is necessary in order to normally contact the added number. If it is disabled, then you simply click the "Star" button on the phone, which is under the main set buttons. Row telephone sets For these purposes, equipped with a special PULSE-TONE button. If the device is initially operating in tone mode, then simply proceed to the set of an extension number.

Wait for the phone switching to the tone mode. Start entering the digits of the extension number, while you will hear short signals at different frequencies. This means that you have successfully switched to the tone set.

Dial the extension number and wait for the answer. In some cases, PBX can fail and connect you incorrectly. If this happened, you need to contact the response and ask him to independently switch to the desired number. As a rule, the employees of any firm are loyal. Otherwise, it will be necessary to recruit the main and additional numbers.

Do not make calls from mobile phones to the extension numbers. The fact is that they do not always support the tone mode of the PBX, as a result of which you are unlikely to give. Also these calls are charged as urban, and the countdown begins from the moment you got through to the answering machine. As a result, you may be disconnected due to lack of funds on a mobile account.

Tip added February 10, 2011 Tip 2: how to type additional numbers added numbers are used in large corporate networks with one common number. Inside the company uses short rooms for convenience.

You will need

• Telephone skills

Instruction

For a set of additional numbers, 2 methods are used. The first for a pulsed set, the second for the tone.

If your PBX supports only a pulse set, then it is necessary to go to the tone mode after establishing the connection, pressing the * key. The transition to the tone mode depends on the phone model and may differ. To clarify the method of transition to the tone mode, you must contact the phone instructions.

If your PBX supports the tone mode, then no additional actions are required, you can dial the entire number together with the added and wait for the connection.

How to recruit additional numbers - Print version

During calls to multichannel numbers of office centers and large corporations, there is a need to enter an extension number to contact the desired specialist. Using this option, subscribers of cellular and stationary phones are faced.

The need to introduce additional numbers is associated with lines overload. The general number of the enterprise or organization comes many calls so as not to occupy the line, and immediately redirect the calf subscriber to the desired employee, introduced additional combinations of numbers. A specific code is attached to each line of the line, knowing which you can easily call the subscriber you are interested in.

How to find out if you need to enter an extension number in your case:

• the number can be indicated by the contact information of the organization, while it is concluded in brackets;
• the official website of the company on the Internet may contain detailed instructions How to contact each of the specialists;
• call the administrator and clarify the contact information of the facial you are interested in;
• during the call specified telephone The voice informant will announce the need to choose an additional room for connecting to a specialist.

Enter the desired combination of numbers can be manually or using automatic mode. Smartphones and tablets are equipped with programs that allow you to save rooms with an add-on combination of numbers and weathered pauses. It is convenient if you often make calls on specialized multi-channel numbers and social services and various institutions.

How to enter a manual extension number on cell

Avoid problems with manual input digital combination on the keyboard mobile phone Compliance with the algorithm of simple actions will help:

1. Dial the contact number.
2. Wait for a voice informant answer. After the recommendation of the translation of the device into the tone set, you should not take any actions. Modern telephone models are initially configured to this mode, so you should simply wait for the following recommendations.
3. The voice of the answering machine will inform about the further possibilities of transition to the sections of the services menu or the numbers of specialized professionals.
4. You will be left to enter the desired combination of signs or numbers and expect a response.

A failure may occur in any system. This case provides the possibility of connecting to the administrator. In such a situation, you need to listen to information or ask for a specialist to associate you with your face.

Automatic call settings for an extension number

All models of modern phones provide an automatic set of additional numbers. This feature is very convenient if you often call the Bank's support service, mobile operator Or office of a large company.

The option provides the ability to enter a complete combination of numbers and additional digits with a pause placement in those places where they are needed.

For example, during a call to the consultant cellular communication The voice informant offers the input of the combination of characters to connect with a particular profile line. While listening to information, a pause is waiting, after which you press the desired key. In automatic mode, this figure is entered by the device.

To record contact with an extension number called in an automatic set, you must perform the following steps:

1. Open the keyboard and enter the subscriber number.
2. Perform one press on the key with the "..." dot.
3. In the window that opens, options for set functions will be reflected. Here you need to select "Add pause (2 seconds)" or "Add Waiting".
4. After recording the interval, enter an additional number.
5. Now that the input is completed, you can save the number to the contacts of the device. When typing such a number, there is no need to additionally enter characters and numbers.

Determine how much time it takes a set of an extension number, you can during the call. Selecting a pause or expectation depends on the duration of the interval. During a call using an automatic set of an additional combination, the device will independently perform a dialing, regardless of its duration. The pause time will be marked on the screen of the comma ",". Waiting is displayed with a semicolon. If you select the standby mode, the number of punctuation ";" will be displayed after the number.

To understand what the automatic informant implies when he asks you to go to a tone set mode, you need to understand this matter.

Mobile mode does not require effort

After requesting an informant, you wonder: what needs to be done to go to the tone set mode on your mobile phone? The answer is that nothing needs to do, because the mobile phone is initially configured to this mode. Therefore, users of mobile phones need to simply enter an extension number.

The request of the informant only to subscribers of stationary phones. This is due to the fact that the automatic telephone stations of our country are functioning in a pulse set mode.

What is the difference between the tonal regime from the impulse

In the tonal mode, the signal is transmitted as certain frequency. According to a similar basis, radio and radio receivers work. Similarly, you are customizing the radio car radio tape recorder on your favorite wave, a set of numbers of numbers. Numbers subscriber number The phone correspond to different frequencies.

The pulse kit differs from the tone in that in this case the signal is transmitted during a certain combination of circuit and open circuit. Each digit corresponds to a certain algorithm of actions. This process is accompanied by sound clocks that the subscriber is heard in the stationary telephone tube during the number dialing. The communication system reads digital values \u200b\u200band converts them to the number.

There are several options for action to go to the tone mode on stationary phone:

• if you have a button marked with an asterisk "*", when you press it, the answering machine informs about the phone's transition to the tone set;
• if there are no buttons with an asterisk on your device, then the letter "T" is used instead;
• instructions for the transition to the tone mode can be in the instruction manual for your device;
• if the above methods are not suitable for you, you can refer to the search engine on the Internet.

To do this, enter the brand and model of the device. This information can be applied on the device housing and on the package. After reading the device, write the word "instruction" and activate the search. Search system Invite the possible options, among which you can choose the most understandable and find the information you need.

To go to a tone set mode, the "*" and "+" keys can be involved, as well as their combinations. Before moving, you need to find out which option is provided for your device.

How to call with an extra room from a city phone

Using a pulse set

Given the fact that the telephone stations work with a pulsed set, users may have a question: how to make a dialing to additional numbers? To do this, use the "*" key immediately after installing the connection. You need to press the key at the moment when the beeps will be heard.

Calls to additional rooms are more profitable from a landline phone. During calls to additional charges, payment is removed as during calls to city numbers. Therefore, during a conversation on a mobile phone, the funds on the balance can end faster than you expect.

Tonal Range Sounds

Before calling an extension number from a landline phone, you need to figure out how to implement it.

Determine what mode your device works, you can on the characteristic sounds in the phone tube. The tone sound of the beeps is characteristic of the tonal set mode. With a pulsed set, clicks and crackles are heard.

If a pulse mode is turned on on your device, then enter an additional combination of numbers will not work. For transition B. right mode Examine the capabilities of the device from which the call is carried out. Using the "*" key or the other adapted device adapted for this device, a one-time transition to the tone mode will be performed. All subsequent calls will be carried out in a pulse mode.

For certain brands and models of devices, there are own key combinations that help change the mode.

The owners of the Siemens Gigaset device for changing the set mode must be taken by the following steps:

• press the "Call" button;
• dial "10" to activate the menu;
• press the "1" key corresponding to the transition to the tone set.

For Voxtel phones, another option is provided. First you need to use the programming button and enter the key combination "*", "2", "2". Waiting for sound signal, It is necessary to press the asterisk again and the programming button.

For phones DECT Developers have provided a key to switch between dial modes.

Modern Panasonic Stationary Phones are equipped with a mode switch. It is located in the side of the device. The smooth switch in the form of the slider moves to the "Tone" icon to go to the tone set. In obsolete models of this brand, the transition is performed using the menu.

There are certain nuances that should be explored before carrying out calls from stationary phones in the tonal mode.

In contacts of organizations using additional numbers, the additional combination of numbers is indicated in brackets. To call such a number, use the following algorithm:

1. Dial the number of the main number and click the call button.
2. Wait for a voice informant answer.
3. Translate the phone to the tone set mode.
4. Type the desired combination of auxiliary number, making sure that the device is translated into the tone mode.

Some models of devices are equipped with a special PULSE-TONE key, this option facilitates the user's task. After all manipulations, it remains to wait for the connection.

IOS progress does not stand still and does not cease to amaze us with its simplicity and ease of use. Constantly appear more and more new features that allow you to use phones from apple companies fast and easy.

This article we will talk about a very simple and convenient feature that will allow us to not spend an extra time, calling to numbers using a system of extension numbers.

What is an extension number?

For example, when a call to any company or organization, each second faces the situation when it is necessary to translate at an additional number to a specific department and connect with the person you need.

It is necessary to switch to the numeric keypad, listen to everything advertising announcements, choose the number you need, which takes time.

But really there are no lighter ways that do not require such greater time costs allowing you to immediately call the department we need?

Of course there is just few people know about him.

Not every iPhone user knows that his phone has the ability to call an extension number.

Below we describe in detail how to call the iPhone to an extension number.

How to call an extension number from a mobile?

For example, you are calling some company and want to talk to the sales department. You know the main number of the phone of this company and the fact that in order to communicate with the sales department you will be asked to enter the number 2.

To get around all advertising messages and long instructions that all conversations in this company are recorded, simply type the main number of this company, and then, hold on numeric keypad Star for a few seconds. After that, the asterisk will turn into a comma.

After the comma, we enter the number 2, that is, the sales department of the company we need. Call.

The commas can be put as much as additional numbers need to be introduced. Comma, it is the so-called pause after each number. This technique will help you save time when calling.

In addition to Pause, there is also a reception "Waiting."

Extension Number Standby Mode

If the extension number cannot be entered without listening to the computer's conversation to the end, receiving the "wait" will display the extension number until you yourself feed the command to enter it.

Often, when a call to any organization, where the autoinformer is used, the mechanical voice suggests pressing certain keys to move to the desired menu item. And few know that for such a simple action the phone needs to be configured. There are two dialing modes - tonal and pulse. Pulse in old devices with a disk dialer. Tonal is characteristic of cell phones. Modern stationary devices are equipped with two types of set, but the default is usually pulsed. To enjoy voice services, you need a tone set. The question arises how to translate the phone into the tone mode.

Tonal mode on a landline phone

The phone is a powerful tool for your business, relationships and communication. But do you know how to use it? Why is the phone so important? Studies have shown that our non-verbal communication is 4 times more powerful than our words. In other words, what you say: "I want to do business with you," is much less important than you say: "I want to deal with you."

How do you rate your phone skills on a scale of 1 to 5? Heat: Do you sound friendly, warm and affordable by phone? Competence: Do you feel competent and trustworthy on phone? Confidence: How sure are you in your phone?

To begin with, it is necessary to determine which type of set by the available apparatus. It is easy to do, listening to the sounds of pressed numbers. With a pulse set, clicks are heard similar to those that make up the disk apparatus. The number of crackles corresponds to the digit dial. In the tonal mode, pressing the buttons calls a beep. At the same time, each digit has its own sound (tone). If you need to immediately apply the tone set, it is worth just pressing "*" (star sign) in front of the number. Upon subsequent appeal to automated systems With the introduction of additional digits during the conversation, the tone mode will be disabled.

Efficiency: How effective are your telephone conversations? Read on to get all these numbers up to 5! What method of communication has the greatest number of lies? Then goes face to face, because it is difficult to lie, looking straight into someone's eyes. Thus, we larger on the phone most on the phone - no paper traces and less guilt causing appearance. If you want to have more honest telephone conversationsYou can make it easy by calling a paper trail. At the beginning of your business calls, specify that you will make notes on the phone and send them by email to make sure that you have not missed anything.

So that the phone worked in the tonal mode is constantly, it needs to be configured. The easiest way is to use the switch. It is usually like a button or lever located on any device panel. To change the dial mode, you need to translate the switch ("Tone-Pulse", "TP", "Tone Pulse", etc.) to the position corresponding to the tone type ("Tone", "T", "Tone" and t. n.). If the phone is fully inspected and no similar devices are found, it means that the modes are changed using completely other keys. Here is the time to refer to the instruction that is attached to the device. With it, it is not difficult to change the phone with a pulse to the tone set.

First, it shows that you are diligent, organized and reliable. Secondly, it will help you appeal to the conversation. And thirdly, most importantly, he causes a paper track, so they know that you are making notes, and they must confirm that everything was correct in the subsequent letter.

The easiest way to translate the phone into tone mode

We cannot do not associate high votes with children. When you answer the phone or talk to someone at a higher level, you will signal them that you are not competent, mature or reliable. Everyone has a natural range of voice tone. You can do it, breathing deeply, and then slowly release it when you relax the shoulders, neck and head. Do it again and this time say hello to your breath. It is impossible to speak in its highest range when your shoulders and voice ligaments are relaxed - that's what you need.

Although manufacturers always advise to maintain this important document, often the situation occurs that it is not possible to find it. The main thing in this case is not to panic and in no case are not attempting to independently pick up various key combinations. So it is possible to accidentally turn on completely different functions or to bring the device into disrepair. Therefore, you must always be confident in the correctness of the pressed buttons. To do this, you can use the Internet and search for information on how to translate the phone model to the tone.

Set on windows and iOS

If you find that you are nervous by phone, or your voice begins to crack, take a deep breath and speak exhale when they give the shoulders. It will reduce you to a more mature tone. Another way we trust the confidence is to tell someone our ideas, and not ask. When you are talking to another person, make sure you go down at the end of your offer, and not climb.

• Ninja Council: Do not use the inflection of the issue.
• Read it out loud in question: My name is Vanessa?

It is a bit ridiculous, but not suitable for this.

In rare cases, it happens that the telephone company serving the device is worth the old analog PBX (automatic telephone exchange). Then the possibility of a tone set is missing regardless of the phone. If none of the proposed options worked, and there is a digital PBX, it means that the phone has only pulse mode. It is not necessary to buy a new apparatus, you can purchase a special device of a tone set - bipper. When typing, its own keyboard is used, and it will lean to the microphone of the handset. Automatic voice services are distributed everywhere. It is easy to use them, if you know the features of pulse and tone modes, and also be able to switch them.

My dad was in the game for dating on the same day - this is the show, where 3 bachelor or bachelor compete behind the screen on a date, thereby choosing a part of the appearance. The choice has only a voice and words for which you can rely. As the legend says, my dad practiced and practiced potential answers. He went to the show and had really funny answers - the audience laughed, and the choice from the bachelor continued to giggle. But, in the end, he was not chosen. When the producers asked him to return to Show Reunion, he jumped into this opportunity.

Now my dad is quite competitive, so he stayed at home for a whole week to explore the episodes of the game for dating. He wanted to find out if there was a sample to winners. He made the first impression awesome. These are temporary your voice ligaments, so you feel concerned when you say hello. Use the bottom end of your natural voices.

• Do not delay your breath while you are waiting for someone to pick up.
• Do not rush to say hello when you call you.
• It makes you feel impatient and disorganized.
• Make a little inhale and calm down before greeting.

When we lose confidence, we lose our volume.

The inclusion of the phone's tone mode is necessary to navigate the menu system when making an outgoing call to the rooms and hot-lines providing services. Navigating the menu of such systems is carried out by turning on the phone tone mode and select the required item by pressing the corresponding key.

All modern smartphones support the mode of the tone dial, depending on the platform it is included in one way or another.

Again and again, people lose their volume on this issue or the problem, which makes them the most nervous. This asks someone to negotiate with you. It says to someone that you do not feel confidence in your price or what you are saying. Practice your feed and save your volume level all over. Special Council: Sometimes people increase their volume too much when they are excited.

• It makes people feel that you shout on them.
• Although some increases in order, try to save its level.

Do you know how you can talk with some people and just feel super connected with them?

Turning on set

In the Android operating system, you can configure the tone set. It is indicated in the DTMF menu (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency).

We pass in the call settings menu and see the following:

On how to enable the phone tone mode can be read in the instructions for the machine, in addition to this, depending on the operating system of the phone, the tone mode is turned on by pressing one or more keys.

Tonal mode and its features

For this, there is a physiological reason - it is called oxytocin. Oxytocin, also called the pride of the hug, is what goes through our body when we feel connected with someone. This is a chemical explanation of love. Oxytocin is produced in several ways - mainly through mutual visual contact and physical contact, which is happening only personally. It helps your brain feel that a person on another line is a real man. It is also logically convenient because you can refer to them when you say.

If your smartphone works on the operating room android system, It is necessary during the outgoing call to perform the following steps:

• open the main menu;
• select an icon in the menu with a numeric keypad;
• press the desired key.

Periodically entered numbers can be removed using the cross in the right corner. If you incorrectly entered the command, it is enough to return to the main system menu and select the required item again. Note, the tone mode works in the conference mode if the call to the system with a tone set is active, all other calls do not support the tone dialing system. Tone mode Depending on the features of your device, it supports entering numbers from the touch keyboard and a conventional keyboard. If necessary, you can return from the mode of the tone dial, opening an active call icon in the system menu.

I always have a photo or profile of people who pull out on my computer when you are talking on the phone. It helps my voice to be warmer, it helps me feel more connected, and this is great for creating mutual understanding by their respective details. I like to include a camcorder when possible. Several things that should be remembered if you decide to do it.

Phone operating modes

In tempting just show your face on video, but if you can click your webcam or computer so that they can see your torso and hands. But, according to your calls, they feel great and not peeled into the chamber, and not themselves, and not their icon. If you look somewhere except the camera, you make you look to the side, even if you do not! Another way to create oxitocin is mutual attention, and we can still produce oxytocin even through the lens. Trousers. But in fact, you think you do not have to get up during the call, but what if the door is ringing?

• Back what is a thing!
• We love to see the hands of people, and it helps you to meet more charismaticness.

Another way to which our voice tone sends positive or negative signals is our emotions.

Set on windows and iOS

Users of modern smartphones on Windows and IOS are often asked about how to enable phone tone mode, making a call to the tone dialing. To enable the tone mode on smartphones with the specified operating system, you will need to perform several actions:

What is a tone phone mode

When someone speaks with us with the lack of emotionality or tonal heat, we have problems with connecting to them. Make sure that when you speak with people, you share your feelings and emotions with your words. If possible, tell stories from your life, about your business and our past. Passionate passion. Tell us about items, people and problems that you experience to yourself. Do not disturb your feelings, express them. This is the basis of Harizma. People who are evaluated as charismatic, are very well divided by their passions and worry about many subjects. Elite passion. Ask them to talk about those topics that they are passionate about. It makes the whole conversation more interesting, you are more attractive, and they are more concerned about the conversation, victory, victory.

• Find out why.
• Elite stories.
• If possible, ask them to tell you stories.
• It helps them feel more emotional and involved.

When you create a script, it literally sues emotions, passion and verbal heat directly from you.

1. during the outgoing active call, press the green key;
2. select the desired digital key on the keyboard;
3. if necessary, erase the data entered and hide the digital keyboard.

Navigating the menu systems on the numbers with the support of the tone dialing is performed using the number keys, as well as the voice input systems depending on the menu system. Note that from the moment of entering the numbers to the system response, there is a few seconds, most often from random input, the digits protects the approximation sensor during an active call, which turns off the screen when approaching the ear. If you need a set, you need to remove the phone from the ear, turn on the tone set, enter the necessary command and continue working with the automated system.

Scripts closes your charisma and someone else's engagement with you. He also turns off your brain from thinking and feeling, so you become less busy and attractive. This ensures that you remember what you need to cover, but also allows you to talk about it every time. Ninja Council: instead of a script, bullet. . Do you think about your voicemail? Listen to it right now and tell me what impression do you think you're going? Is it noisy in the background? We often do not think about our voicemail, but when someone cannot contact us, our voicemail gives the first impression.

Saving time when communicating with customer employees with clients and among themselves is an important factor in the effectiveness of communications. Therefore, telephony means are becoming increasingly more popular to minimize the search for those responsible and necessary to subscriber. One of the most relevant and effective ways to optimize telephone communication - Extension number, which is also called internal. With its help, call forwarding is made by the face that has powers and competencies to solve the issue of a caller.

The internal number of the subscriber is an opportunity to contact the right employee not only on city telephone, but also a mobile, SIP, Skype account on electronic gadgets. When using it, calls are redirected with short number. The subscriber hears a greeting and using voice instructions is gaining an extension number - this allows you to "lead" from the main line and organize communication with intermediaries.

The mechanism is implemented using numeric identifier codes, which are assigned to individual lines or divisions of the company. Before you call the additional number, you need to type the main, and then the internal connecting subscribers with the people you need. Therefore, in the code four digits - from 0001 to 9999. The first two indicate the number of units in the overall forwarding list, and the second to personal, identifying employees.

What is an extension number from the point of view of digital telephony? This is part cloud PBX, Forwarding item in a single communication space. Interior phone:

• erected physical, spatial boundaries between employees and clients of the company;
• will help to establish work without additional costs for renting premises, purchase office equipment and installation of engineering networks;
• it will help to access employees, wherever they are - it can be connected to home, mobile phone personnel, and before typing added, it will be enough to call the main number of the company.

Principle of operation of additional numbers

How to call in the inner number and what is the basis of the principle of its work? Useful tool Communication is widely used in companies, where the units "physically" are isolated from each other, and cause the necessary employee from the office at the other end of the corridor is inconvenient. The subscriber is gaining the main urban number of the company (often the only one), and after the connection is internal.

Before calling with an extra number, you need to know. Therefore, if the system has been installed recently, or a company has many heterogeneous partners and customers, recommend writing in voice greeting a brief instructional ad. At the setting step, there is an extension number in all forms of communication.

Modern urban phones are equipped with Pulse-Tone switches to select modes. If the subscriber's PBX supports the tone set, before calling the inner number, you need to translate the phone switch to the Tone position. If only the pulse mode is provided, you need to call and press the "Star" button. All the following clicks of the phone keys will be transmitted as tone signals. Switching will not be needed if the subscriber uses a mobile phone.

How to call for additional numbers from mobile phones?

Standard action before calling an extension number from a mobile - pressing the "pause" button after a set of the main stationary phone. Then you need to enter the remaining digits of the employee / department code. We will analyze how to type an extension number from a mobile phone step by step:

• examine the company's phone: its first part is a landline number, then the supplement is in the brackets;
• before you bring an extension number from mobile, type the main and wait for the connection with the answering machine;
• completely listen to the message so that the link does not fail, and in the end concentrate on the enumeration of the internal numbers;
• after the proposal to type the desired combination of numbers and the beeps, enter it from your mobile phone and wait for an employee's answer.

Before calling the additional number from the mobile, you do not need to translate the phone to Tone mode. This happens automatically. In some cases, the PBX connects the subscribers incorrectly, but it is not worth "throwing up". You should ask for a person who answered the call, independently switch the subscriber to the desired internal number. If it failed, you will have to enter all the numbers again.

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Why in business need additional numbers and how to configure them

Modern digital solutions - the ability to optimize financial and temporary communication costs in any organization. What does the supplement number for the company mean? It:

• time optimization by practically instant transfer of subscribers to personal managers;
• the ability to abandon the installation of individual telephone lines For all sectors and cabinets of the company and get a convenient means of internal communication;
• improving the quality of customer service and the ability to miss a single valuable call (if one is busy, the subscriber is redirected to any of the free);
• reducing the cost of organizing client service - with additional numbers, employees will be able to work remotely;
• strengthening the company's customer loyalty, improving its reputation and image and so on.

To connect internal phones, you must resort to the support of professional distributors of telecommunication solutions, in whose services included. Experts will tell how to recruit an additional number of intra-program communication, configure voice instructions for customers and will help realize all the advantages of effective and progressive tools. This will provide the company for the convenience of work and success in the market competitive wrestling for the client.